CRU has picked out 10 key themes that will steer the molybdenum market in 2021.
We will be monitoring these themes throughout the course of 2021 in our key publications, the Molybdenum Monitor and the Molybdenum Market Outlook.
Please get in touch with the editor should you have any questions.
Oil price recovery
Brent crude prices have recovered into the high-$50s /bbl due to planned production cuts by Saudi Arabia. However, inventory levels remain high and a significant drawdown is required to sustain a price recovery. Further gains will be required to boost drilling activity, and moly demand, in 2021.
Lasting effects of Covid-19 on mine supply
Copper miners prioritised operational activities in 2020 due to Covid-19, at the expense of maintenance, sustaining capex and stripping. This represents a key disruption risk to potential copper output – and therefore moly by-product output – in 2021 and beyond.
New sources of mine supply
CRU expects several new projects to come online in 2021. Moly prices will need to rise to ensure that this new supply comes online – both in terms of incentivising moly circuits at South American copper projects and securing financing at Chinese projects.
Moly grades
CRU currently expects moly mine supply to be largely flat y/y in 2021. This is mostly attributed to a sharp drop in expected output at Rio Tinto’s Kennecott, due to a lower-grade portion of the orebody being mined. Lower grades at other key mines elsewhere will also weigh on production.
Chinese imports
China imported historically high levels of moly units through H2 2020, providing evidence of resilient domestic demand last year. A sustained appetite for imports in 2021 could tighten availability of material elsewhere, as reported in Europe in Q4 2020.
Western demand recovery
Moly demand in the US and Europe was hit particularly hard by Covid-19 and the oil price crash. We expect consumption in these regions to rebound in line with the macroeconomic recovery, albeit only to below 2019 levels. This will lend support to prices, particularly if spot supply is tight.
Chinese moly consumption
The shift towards higher-quality steels in China has boosted moly demand since H2 last year due to increased production of 316-grade stainless. However, it still remains unclear if this stainless is being consumed or stockpiled at present. Similar strength in 2021 will underpin prices.
Effect of EV transition on moly demand
While the automotive sector was hit hard by Covid-19, electric vehicle (EV) sales were significantly more resilient. We believe that increased EV uptake will be beneficial in the long term for moly demand, due to increased usage of high strength-to-weight ratio moly-bearing steels.
Return to deficit in 2021
CRU expects the moly market to return to deficit (~4 Mlbs) in 2021 as stagnating mine supply lags rebounding demand. The speed and extent of demand recovery will ultimately determine the size of the deficit, but this will be in stark contrast to the large surplus (~30 Mlbs) in 2020.
Moly price support
Oxide prices have breached $10 /lb at the start of the year due to a pickup in buying activity and expectations of a tighter market in 2021. The Lunar New Year holiday in China may pare gains in the near term, but we expect average prices to trend towards double figures this year.
